Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller Essay -- Death Salesman Arthur Mill

Demise of Salesman by Arthur Miller The Requiem appears to just close the play at the burial service and let us see the other character's perspective on occasions with some hindsight. Be that as it may, with closer examination, we see that old issues and feelings of hatred are still common. The Requiem can be part into equal parts. The principal half observes Charley, Biff, Linda and Happy over Willy's grave. Each character is one of a kind in their viewpoint now, mirroring Willy's own difference in point of view towards the finish of play and helping us to remember a few subjects in the content. Glad despite everything sticks to the memory of Willy Loman as the effective sales rep and general great man. To be sure, he holds this view with a few fierceness. He attempts to stop Biff being negative about his dad (the stage bearings incorporate 'practically prepared to battle Biff chafed') and his final words are ones of insubordination: 'I'm going to show you and every other person that Willy Loman didn't kick the bucket in vein this is the place I'm going to win it for him' This appears to be somewhat ridiculous to the peruser as it is clear now that the American Dream for the Loman family is only that-a fantasy. The dynamite disappointment of his dad and the breakdown of the family appear that the obdurate quest for progress is unproductive and even hazardous. 'Upbeat' is an exceptionally well-suited name for the child who attempts to be glad and show a courageous face in any event, when things have crumpled around him. Other instances of this incorporate Happy energizing Biff both when they talk about setting up business together and when Happy attempts to cause Biff to draw in ladies at the café in Scene 2. Upbeat additionally speaks to the side of Willy that he was generally used to (Happy, in contrast to Biff, lived with Willy everyday as was more inculcated to the untruths and... ...spouse. Rather than seeing the inescapable, as Charley does, or being by one way or another discharged like Biff, she can just observe things as far as cash and time, as Willy used to fixate on 'He even got done with the dental specialist'. The second 50% of the Requiem is devoted to Linda. It is very hard to comprehend. She says that she 'can't cry' yet then seconds after the fact she is 'crying all the more completely'. Why would that be? Possibly revealing to her actual sentiments to Willy as opposed to stifling them like when he was alive discharges her, however she continues rehashing 'we're free'. As she murmurs this she is by all accounts on a higher plane and associating with Willy. This, in any case, is not entirely clear and everything we can securely say is that the Requiem discharges the weight that was mounting in the Loman family in perhaps the main manner it could; with the acknowledgment of the disappointment of the American Dream.

Compare and contrast the development strategies of Mao Zedong and Deng Essay

Thoroughly analyze the improvement methodologies of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. Look at the victories and disappointments of every procedure - Essay Example The attention on financial and rural change is the thing that made the two heads fundamentally the same as. That is, they were both worried about improving their nation through agrarian and financial change. All the more along these lines, they were the two socialists anticipating lead China toward that path. The two of them began numerous social, social and monetary changes in which some fizzled and some were fruitful. As per Deng, communism was a way to monetary turn of events (Ash, Howe and Kueh 2013, p.15). Deng Xiaoping has been recognized as a decent pioneer whose activities prompted the improvement of the Chinese society. Then again, Mao’s activities brought about more harm than useful for the Chinese residents. Eminently, Mao Zedong proposed numerous procedures in the foundation of Chinese communism. A portion of these included huge scope land changes and collectivization of agribusiness, which were intended to recuperate the economy and modernize China. Likewise, he changed the expectations for everyday comforts of people in rustic regions by improving medicinal services and presenting center school instruction (Bramall 2008, p.549). The land changes were set apart with the sanctioning of the Agrarian Reform Law of 1950, which planned for disassembling China’s medieval framework (Shen 2000, p.3). After land changes, people had the option to create more and the expanded creation gave enough crude materials to modern turn of events. From that point in 1958, Mao presented the Great Leap Forward under which high targets were made for industry and agribusiness. Mao trusted that China could find Britain in steel and different enterprises, thus he presented the collectivization of agribusi ness under which people were to leave their territory and join cooperatives. Nonetheless, this strategy fizzled and had disastrous effects as individual’s working impetuses declined prompting food deficiency. Around fifteen million Chinese individuals lost their lives due to

Sports and the Law for Economic and Cultural - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theSports and the Law for Economic and Cultural. Answer: Anderson section 1 'what is sport law ' from Modern Sports law : A course reading (2010) This book targets giving subtleties of how administrating, activity and playing of current games is impacted by law. I accept that despite the fact that the book focuses on legitimate standards, it has likewise thought about the social, financial, social and recorded setting including huge significant game occasions and driving characters. Albeit such occasions and driving characters is unavoidably manage persuasive qualified games however it couldn't command them rather it tries to incorporate expansive scope of novice, proficient and sports[1]. At first, the book focuses on certain sensible issues, for example, the structure of universal and national game and surveys the progression of sports law authority. From that point, it perceives three central topics like participatory, budgetary and administrative parts of current game. The administrative topic remembers habits for which choices made by administering collections of sports can be put to test in the common courts which may bring about the improvement of exchange debate components in sports. The participatory subject incorporates legitimate guideline of brutality and doping in sport and the convoluted risk against sport related injuries[2]. The money related subject that exhibits improved commercialization of game at all levels which manages issues applied in business and agreement law for the players and lawful issues related with the association identifying with significant games. Further, at long last, the book quickly audits the experience of EU law of current game s, coordinating the fate of sports law. In this book, the writer infers the meaning of the term sport from its history to have comparable characteristics since the time it has developed. Sports is a non-serious, semi physical relaxation, limited and of specially based nature. In the advanced setting, sports identifies with a classified, serious and a profoundly controlled physical action that is all inclusive engaging. As I would see it, the creator is right when he expresses that the noteworthiness of the meaning of game is twofold, initially, for the specific favorable circumstances that may mount up from its status and furthermore, for the assurance it must give as a beginning stage to examining sports law. The focal points that may gather from an assertion that an action is a legitimately distinguished game or game that incorporates a few advantages which incorporates any great expense appraisal for an individual member or the beneficent status agreed to the donning associations[3]. Thus, any game that has gotten lawful acknowledgment will be given a few exceptions from the relevance of the central legitimate guideline, which may somehow or another force restriction on the happiness regarding the sport[4]. One such case is the exclusion regarding qualified invulnerability that is relevant to games and sports with lawful acknowledgment. Such lawfully perceived games and sports get exception benefits by applying the normal agree limit to attack in the criminal law. Be that as it may, such limit is relevant simply in the wake of counseling specialists like Central Council of Physical Recreation who might decide if any such physical movement partners with any legal game or game. I accept that this rules is valuable as it will empower the courts to recognize sports that is excluded from the applying standard of agree to ambush and those where members will be criminally at risk for perpetrating attack against another player. Thusly, this standard is useful however in legal games additionally, significance will be given to the wellbeing of the players and endeavors will be made to control the danger of avoidable injury on physical games, specifically like hand to hand fighting and boxing. As I would like to think, the creator has properly portrayed the open intrigue benefits getting from sports as far as social utility. In any games exercises, it is critical to set a standard of care in carelessness that is seen as an endeavor to protect the game related exercises particularly in those kinds of sports that includes upgraded genuineness and dangers. Furthermore, as I would see it, the creator has expressly portrayed the noteworthiness in his dispute as for significance of social utility of sports. Social utility is depicted as a significant comprehension of the way in which sports particularly the physical games have been excluded from the common law of individual brutality that may somehow or another emerge if such physical games isn't conceded the exception. At present, activities occurring in a Rugby or football field are still absolved from the customary law of ambush to which, criminal or common obligation would have emerged, on the ground that the direct embrace in such games are consensual in nature. Further, such physical games have qualified the models of a game that is lawfully perceived as a socially advantageous game. The creator has been fruitful in introducing his perspectives on impact of law in the organization and playing of current games. In any case, the creator has additionally featured the current limit among law and sports because of which in this specific setting, the meaning of sports law incorporates the uses of customary zones of law like lawbreaker, authoritative, agreement, tort and EU law. It additionally incorporates the different partners and the general condition as for sports. It further incorporates lex sportiva where the term shows conjunction of a few interior regulatory guidelines and contest settling c omponents of game with local global and supra-national law. In any case, sports law is yet to be spoken to as a self-governing part of law and it will not be built up until the lawmaking bodies or courts acknowledge lawful standards to decide issues identified with sports law. Apparently an energy about the particularity of sports law as an individual part of law can be decide dependent on the thought n whether irregular use of the predominant lawful standards or principles just as open strategy is sufficient to perceive the games law as an individual part of law. Faldo v Australian Oztag Sports Association [2006] NSWCa 17 Foundation of the case This case is identified with the common procedures brought against the Oztag Association (respondent) and the Council by Mr. Thomas Falvo (Plaintiff) in 2000 on the grounds of carelessness. Mr. Falvo supported genuine knee injury during a round of Oztag that was sorted out by the Australian Oztag Sports Association Incorporated (Oztag Association) on the Miller Reserve where the game was being played. The offended party asserted that the litigant neglected to practice appropriate consideration of the wellbeing of the offended party and he continued extreme wounds because of the carelessness of the respondent to give the field in a fit condition while directing the Oztag game. The preliminary adjudicator ruled for the litigant against whom the offended party documented an intrigue where the redrafting court excused the intrigue expressing that the cases made by the appealing party were not adequate to hold the respondent at risk for carelessness and causation of the wounds. Issues prompting the choice of the court As I would like to think, the quantity of issues that explicitly helped the court to rule for the respondent is critical. Initially, the case of the offended party that he supported wounds because of the lopsidedness of the land however because of the sinking of his foot into the sand. So as to build up the equivalent, the investigative court considered the master proof reports gave by Mr. Westall who is turf grass specialist and Mr. Halstead. Both the reports expressed that the absence of grass inclusion and state of field surface while offended party continued injury is the result of the utilization and grade of the fields which is predictable with other wearing grounds of NSW. Such fields are not given to play any tip top degree of sports. I accept that the choice in Neindorf v Junkovic [2005][5] alluded to for the situation unmistakably settled that sandy patches and somewhat contrasting levels on the games ground are a piece of the functional real factors of life to which legiti mate standard ought to be applied. Accordingly, carelessness guarantee against the Oztag affiliation doesn't emerge on states of ground. Besides, the carelessness claims included issues relating to hazardous recreational movement where the court was to decide if the Oztag game caused him huge danger of physical harm[6]. The court saw that the unpleasant rugby isn't a physical game rather; it is played to lessen the degree of physical contact that is in any case experienced in conventional intense rugby. Further, the game can't be alluded to as a risky recreational action as it doesn't include any type of handling or danger of being struck by hardball, it just incorporates a level of atheleticismc thus, can't be supposed to be perilous regarding segment 5k and 5L of the Civil Liability Act 2002. According to area 5K of the Act, a hazardous recreational action alludes to an action that includes a huge danger of physical damage. Segment 5L of the Act expresses that no individual is at risk for carelessness for hurt endured by someone else because of appearance of a conspicuous danger of perilous recreational action occup ied with by the plaintiff[7]. Ultimately, the issue of causation was settled by the court by thinking about the clinical assessment of the orthopedic expert, Dr Pinczewski and Dr. Sikander Khan, which unmistakably settled that the wounds supported by the offended party didn't result from the lopsidedness of the ground. It was because of the leg development of the offended party, which caused curving of knee which according to clinical assessment caused the offended party feel they have ventured into an empty on the ground. The offended party accepted it as though his foot s

Big Troubles in Northern Ireland The Conflicted Character of Cal - Literature Essay Samples

Bernard MacLaverty’s Cal explores the intense conflict between the Roman Catholic nationalist party and the Protestant British police forces of northern Ireland in the late 20th century. MacLaverty tells the story of Ireland’s most violent period through the teenaged protagonist, Cal, who gets unwillingly roped into helping the IRA, and subsequently faces his own internal torment after assisting in the murder of Robert Morton, a Protestant reserve policeman. Cal’s guilt-ridden conscience and desire for redemption drive the plot of the novel forward and come to a head when he develops feelings for Marcella Morton, whom he becomes infatuated with upon learning her status as Robert’s widowed wife. His obsession grows once he begins work on the very farm where Marcella lives, and through their budding relationship Cal comes to the realization that Marcella is the only one who can grant him salvation from his crime, as it is with her and only her that his const ant suffering and self-hatred is at ease. As Peter Mahon observes in his long form on Cal entitled â€Å"Blood, Shit and Tears,† MacLaverty employs vivid, animalistic imagery and religious allegory to illustrate Cal’s inner turmoil over his reluctant participation in ideological warfare, and quest for absolution. MacLaverty utilizes the motifs of animals, slaughtering, and feces in multiple ways throughout the novel. The novel takes place a year after the killing of Robert Morton, and within the first page MacLaverty steeps the text with vivid, animalistic and religious imagery to illustrate Cal’s psychological struggle, as well as to allude to the larger conflict in Ireland. Cal, having quit his job at the abattoir due to his â€Å"stomach having felt like a washboard over the past year† (20), feels sickened at the sight of innocent cows being slaughtered and â€Å"the spout of blood† (8) spewing from their bodies and so Crilly, who carries out the actual killings for the IRA, replaces Cal in his role at the abattoir. Cal’s obvious disgust by the killing of the animals, in stark juxtaposition to Crilly’s indifference, stands as the first indicator of his character’s immense guilt which pervades the novel. This theme arises again through Cal’s repeated self-association with shit, emphasizing his increased self-loathing since the murder took place. While attending church, the narrator notes â€Å"the rest of his prayers consisted of telling himself how vile he was. If he was sick of himself, how would God react to him? ‘Merde. Dog-shit. Crotte de vache.’† (37) As Mahon attests, â€Å"Cal is both an animal and shit because of his involvement in political violence,† and that for Cal, â€Å"violence is indissociable from the filthiest and most contagious impurity of all―blood† (Mahon 76). Cal’s sin essentially consumes his conscience and instills in him a mental and physical sickness that he cannot escape from. He feels so incredibly contrite to the point that it’s as if â€Å"he had a brand stamped in blood in the middle of his forehead which would take him the rest of his life to purge† (89). As a result, Cal seeks repentance and forgiveness in the arms of Marcel la. MacLaverty’s nod toward religious allegory dramatize Cal’s need to be absolved from his sin, which further explain his desperation for a relationship with Marcella. Haunted by the â€Å"sickening visions of her genuflecting husband† (139), Cal’s only relief comes in the form of a relationship with Marcella, and the possibility of her future forgiveness. After hearing the sermon regarding Matt Talbot and his physical atonement with chains, Cal basically begins to torture himself with his want for Marcella, going so far as to spy on her and sneak into her bedroom at night. Mahon expounds on this idea, citing that throughout the novel she â€Å"remains â€Å"unattainable† and must be â€Å"suffered† for† (Mahon 84). By the end of the novel, Cal embraces his inevitable arrest, looking forward to being beaten â€Å"within an inch of his life† (154). Finally, he secures the deliverance from his sin that he’s been searching for since Robert Morton was killed. Bernard MacLaverty uses the character of Cal to again and again allude to the religious warfare in northern Ireland. Torn between helping his friend and his own moral fiber, Cal’s turmoil reflects the overarching conflict between the nationalists versus the unionists. MacLaverty evokes this character struggle by featuring literary devices such as imagery and allegory throughout the text to explore Cal’s dynamic ultimatum between sin and deliverance, innocence and guilt, and violence and nonviolence, which, as Mahon puts it, makes Cal a symbol for the brutal mayhem that enveloped Ireland in the late 1900’s.

To Know About France, and Its History, Culture, French...

To know about France and its history, culture, French people and democracy in France ? Introduction France is a powerful democratic country in the world. Every French citizen in France over 18 years old has the right to vote. Freedom of expression is enshrined in law, people are free to gather for any reasons. the French people do strikes very often for their rights and freedom, the strikes in France are common and popular among the world, and French people are free to join any political party or association. The freedom of press is very open. Furthermore, freedom of political expression, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press are considered by some to be essential rights to the citizens and able to vote in their†¦show more content†¦French people are in general very courteous and they are direct too. They are accustomed to speaking their minds and being direct and to the point. If you sometime get annoyed by this, you will later realize that French people are friendly and polite if you get to know them a little better. French culture Culture refers to the union of knowledge, experience, learning, beliefs, attitudes, values, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the world, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. The culture of France is diverse, reflecting regional differences as well as the influence of recent immigration. France has played an important role for centuries as a cultural center, with Paris as a world center of high culture. Philosophy France has produced a large number of leading philosophers in the European humanist tradition. One of the first was Montaigne, in the 16th century, an inspired moralist who established the essay as an art form. Then came Descartes, the master of logic, and the philosopher Pascal. Writers of France Writers and intellectuals traditionally enjoy high prestige in France. One of the most august of French institutions is the Academie francaise, whose 40 members, most of them writers, have pronounced on national events and, on occasion, held public office. Theatre The Three classicShow MoreRelatedEssay on Revolution as a Product of the Enlightenment Period1070 Words   |  5 Pageswith replacement of another. We are all familiar with the phrase â€Å"history repeats itself† over and over each in very different situations. The same can be said about the American and French Revolutions however these two revolutions end in very different situations. Both the American Revolution, (1775 -1783) and the French Revolution (1789 -1799) were the products of Enlightenment ideals that struck a large population of the people which emphasized the idea of natural rights and equality and led toRead MoreSpread Of Nationalism Throughout Europe1505 Words   |  7 PagesSpread of Nationalism Throughout Europe Nationalism is the ideology that asserts that a nation is formed by a group of people with a common identity, language, history, territory, and set of customs. It was an important factor in the development of Europe. The IB Global Context, Identities and Relationships relates to nationalism because it defines us just like nationalism does. It focuses on identities, beliefs, values, and relationships. Napoleon came to power on 24 August 1799 and crowned himselfRead MoreThomas Jeffersons Paper on the Age of Experiments in Government994 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican History In September 1789, Thomas Jefferson, the American Minister to France who was to become the President of United States in the future was preparing to return home with his family; wrote a paper which was of immense importance to the people of his nation as well as abroad. This periodical was published in Paris, and the basic purpose of the paper was to explain to the French people and in turn to all the other Europe ans about the American age of experiments in government. The paperRead MoreCanadian Culture Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesout. This uniqueness can come from certain religions, cultural practices, geography, history or from a multitude of other reasons. Despite this, a unique nation usually gains its originality and identity from its people. The way the people interact, live, work, play and have come to exist dictate how others perceive them as a culture. Canada is a provocative country with a divergent population. Each individual culture brings a meaningful element of intangibility that sets us apart as one of the mostRead MoreUn People, Un But, Une Foi1757 Words   |  8 PagesUn People, Un But, Une Foi After going through a rut during the Middle Ages, culture, exploration, and power boomed all over the world during the Renaissance. European explorers traveled down the coast of Africa, and in one of the least explored areas, which became known as Mali, they found a culture not replicated in the rest of the world. Mali never wanted to be oppressed, and this led to a lot of conflict throughout its history from ancient times to as recently as today. Though Mali has had aRead MoreAnalysis Of Gilles Lipovetsky s The Empire Of Fashion Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe practice of democracy in Western Europe. According to Lipovetsky, â€Å"Fashion unlike tradition requires free individual intervention, a singular and capricious power to disrupt the order of the appearances.† Essentially, Fashion and Haute couture have led to the support of democratic values; it is fashion that encouraged individuals to believe in self-expression. Lipovetsky establishes his arguments on the history of fashion and its symbol of rank in during the Old Regime. In France, The Old RegimeRead MoreCultural And Religious Influence Of The European Union4203 Words   |  17 PagesJocelyn Keresman Professor Michele Vialet Study Tour France 3061 5 June 2015 Cultural and religious influence in the European Union, the United Kingdom, France and Bordeaux The European Union seeks to preserve Europe’s shared cultural heritage and help make it accessible to others, as well as supporting and promoting the arts and creative industries in Europe. Creative Europe supports transnational cooperation projects involving cultural and creative organizations from different countries takingRead MoreEquality, Diversity, and Democracy1348 Words   |  6 PagesJustice and Equality Cannot Coexist, For When One is Achieved the Other is Infringed Upon: Equality, diversity, and democracy are the three components that America claims to revolve around, but unfortunately lacks. America is a nation filled with envy, rage, and such preposterous behaviors and actions. Since the founding of the nation, to the present of America, and according to the predicament of the future, this territorial notion that America abides by is slowly corrupting the nation. SinceRead MoreModernization Of The Modern Western World2525 Words   |  11 Pagesadvancement of a once-uncivilized, undeveloped, and unconnected global community. Social, economic, political, and intellectual progress sowed the seeds of transformation that led to the development of the modern Western world. This modern West that we know today exists solely as the product of centuries of change and development. Undoubtedly, the beginning of the modernization of the West can be traced to the scientific revolution. A period of scientific advances in the areas of math, astronomy, andRead MoreEssay on Rti Act4757 Words   |  20 PagesThe much talked about Right to Information Act came into force on October 12. The Union government says the Act is revolutionary, as it opens all official departments across the country to public scrutiny. The government also claims the new law will help it share power with the humblest, and empower the weakest The Right to Information (RTI) Act is a law enacted by the Parliament of India to provide for setting out the practical regime of right to information for citizens. It was passed by Parliament

Reckless Driving Research Paper - 1772 Words

Reckless Driving One of the more serious issues that is becoming more and more of a bigger problem in the South Coast today is reckless driving. What reckless driving is is driving in a way that puts people and property in harms way. A reckless driving offense can be tacked onto or used in lieu of other offenses like speeding. Some of the most common types of reckless driving are; driving under the influence, drowsy driving, and phone usage while driving. Reckless driving is one cause of death in the area. On average there are over 6 million car accidents in the United States every year and more than 3 million people are injured due to car accidents; 2 million of these injuries are permanent. There are over 40,000 deaths due to car†¦show more content†¦You should not get behind the wheel of a car if you have had anything to drink. When going out to parties try to car-pool and have a designated driver. What a designated driver is; is someone who will stay sober all night and drive everyone home ensuring everyone gets home safe and no one is driving drunk. Mothers Against Drunk Drivers also known as MADD is an organization of individuals that was started about 32 years ago as a way to crack down on the number of drunk drivers on t since MADDs inception, he road and the number of drunk driving-related deaths. The MADD organization was first created in 1980 when the founder, Candy Lightner, had a daughter that was killed by a repeat drunk driving offender. MADD supports the law enforcement heroes that to keep the roads safe. MADD also strives to support policy change like the policy that requires convicted drunk drivers to use in car breathalyzers. All convicted drunk drivers must prove they are sober before the car will start. Drunk driving fatalities are on the decline dropping 12 percent from 2006 to 2008, which proves that they are helping even if it isn’t a great amount it is something. MADD has helped in saving over 300,000 lives and countin g in the years since the program has been created. Still there are thousands of people that are killed each year as a result of drunk driving. â€Å"The goal of the MADD is to change this number and decrease drunkShow MoreRelatedDrinking And Driving1335 Words   |  6 Pages Drink and Driving is and Ongoing Problem Erica Esposito Kean University Abstract This paper explores the research and find results on how drinking and driving has become a big problem in the United States. Drinking and driving effects a person’s ability to operate a vehicle and therefore drunk drivers need to be educated on the repercussions with drinking and driving. Every day drunk drivers are arrested, either for traffic violations, reckless driving, and random stops on theRead MoreCell Phone1818 Words   |  8 PagesMLA Research Paper (Levi) Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: A Risk or a Benefit? Title is centered about one-third down the page. Paul Levi Writer’s name is centered around the middle of the page. English 101 Professor Baldwin 2 April XXXX Course name, professor’s name, and date are Lopez begins to centered near the identify and bottom of the page. question Goodall’s assumptions. Marginal annotations indicate MLA-style formatting and effective writing. Source: Diana HackerRead MoreRoad Rage And Aggressive Driving1228 Words   |  5 PagesNate Finck Mrs. Waller English I February 18, 2015 Road Rage and Aggressive Driving Imagine you are in a road jam. Ahead of you, you can see miles of cars. Radio is on and you’re very, very frustrated. You need to get home to your family and you still have miles to go, inch by inch. At this point in time you’re very distraught. The car is a medium of transportation. Where once you could walk from two to six miles per hour, now you can go up to speeds of seventy-five miles per hour, and get to yourRead MoreRelationship Between Driving Performance And Participating1584 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper provides research data from five studies that examined the relationship between driving performance and participating in secondary tasks while operating a vehicle. The extracted data was used to compile the information used to create recommendations for policy makers regarding cell phone use while driving. A comparison and contrast of the research results regarding cognitive abilities affected, while distracted during cell phone use is provided. Additionally, based on gaps inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?854 Words   |  4 Pagesmarijuana a legal drug is a cause for concern for many people. Especially, those who believe that using marijuana will cause more reckless and criminal behavior. Looking at research, there are other sides to the argument that recognize methods in which marijuana could be decriminalized with lower repercussions. Regarding the argument of decriminalizing marijuana, this paper will focus on the reasons for decriminalization and setting adequ ate and safe restrictions. In the efforts to control marijuanaRead MoreThe Dangers Of Teenage Alcoholism863 Words   |  4 Pageshigher risk for teenagers who consume alcohol because their brains are not fully developed. The alcohol that they drink suppresses the brain and causes deterioration in memory and learning (Impact of alcohol on the developing brain. 2014). In this paper I will examine the source and reason behind teenage alcoholism and determine the effects the destructive drug of alcohol has on teenagers in different aspects of their lives. Alcohol is a substance that when consumed at an excessive rate canRead MoreThe Dangers of Road Life1421 Words   |  6 Pagescauses of car accidents among elders. These include slowing down fast enough, the loss of clear vision and hearing, the loss of muscle strength and flexiblity, and drowsiness which cause reduction to the ability to focus on the surroundings while driving(West-Port News). The most fatal crashes involving elders over the age of seventy, forty percent of these crashes occur at intersections. This percentage is compared to the age between thirty-five through fifty-four, which the percentage goes downRead MoreBabylon Revisited1087 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Custom research material provided by: Student Network Resources, Inc. Topic: Babylon Revisited Order ID: #A2093429 Writers Username: johnfitz44 The document attached to this email constitutes research material from which certain passages, ideas, and/or information may be referenced and properly cited. In its entirety, the document may not be sold, reproduced, transmitted, or otherwise claimed in any manner without the written permission of Student Network Resources Inc. IMPORTANT: Please rememberRead MoreBorderline Personality is a disorder that affects a significantly large percentage of the1000 Words   |  4 PagesIt is difficult to live with and those that have it struggle to maintain personal and business relationships. Even with the high demand for treatment it is a disorder that is hard to treat however when treated can be highly affective. (NIMH) This paper goes into detail on the history, diagnosing, treatment, and effects of Borderline Personality Disorder so that the disorder may better be understood. Borderline Personality disorder (BPT) is defined as â€Å"a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonalRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder : Psychological Disorder1333 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology Mrs. Kline 22 November 2015 Borderline Personality Disorder When instructed to write a 3-5 page paper over a psychological disorder I wondered to myself what disorder could I do to interest me enough to take so much time to look into. What one disorder would I have to force myself to research and write about that would not be completely painful? This is when I decided to write my paper over the Borderline Personality Disorder, the disorder Mrs. Kline refers to as the crazy girlfriend disorder

Future free essay sample

Have you ever desired some thing really deeply and went foward to get it but had to face zillions of trials to get it? Well if this has occured to you thenyou know exactly what I mean.In my opinion, in order to prevent hard future desicions why not choose now?I made my desicion and it is being a Surgeon someday; I decided to choose being a surgeon as my ambition because its perfect from all angles such as, money wise, standards, and dreamt. I love to lend a hand to people in need and I discovered that this job will help others and will also on the other hand I will be doing my dharma. Due to my perspective, attention is strongly required to benefits to being a surgeon. Maybe we get forgived, realization but getting another chance from time is possibly impossible so, the first benefit I would reccomend is the standards. How will I be sure that my donated $20 will go the distance in changing the predicaments of any of these unfortunate onlooking families? No, it mustnt stop there. Imagine walking by dead bodies and each time wondering, Could this be my sister? No, my interest is not in how morbid and/or cool the profession is but in helping families, who have lost loved ones, with closure. However, our world is also divided. Wealth is only a chance of birth, and many of us only have a vague view of how most of the world isnt so lucky. There is the side whose biggest concerns are day-to-day social and academic inconveniences. Then there is the other side: those countries that lie opposite our country on the economic spectrum. They lie so outside the boundaries of our peripheral vision that its hard for most of us to have any real understanding of their situations. But both sides do have something in common: they are at risk for the same disasters we are. For people in such already deteriorating conditions, these disasters can be ten times more devastating. In that sense, loved ones can be ten times harder to find. The limited resources of these third world countries has inspired an idea of how I can help on the international level: maybe one day I can establish dental systems around the world, for both hygienic and identification purposes, so that during times of terrorism, natural disasters, and other tragedies that occur internationally, I will be able to help people in those situations, wherever they may be. People complain that my dreams are too big to be feasible but I find their ways of thinking unreasonable. After all, why only keep ourselves familiar with the tiny percentage of the world we experience on a normal basis? If we were meant to do just that, then why was the world made to be so big, with so many different places and people? Easy, we were meant to experience them.

Of Mail-Order Brides and Boys Own Tales Representations of Asian-Australian Marriages Essay Example

Of Mail-Order Brides and Boys Own Tales: Representations of Asian-Australian Marriages Essay Of Mail-Order Brides and Boys Own Tales: Representations of Asian-Australian Marriages Author(s): Kathryn Robinson Source: Feminist Review, No. 52, The World Upside Down: Feminisms in the Antipodes (Spring, 1996), pp. 53-68 Published by: Palgrave Macmillan Journals Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/1395773 . Accessed: 31/07/2011 01:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www. jstor. org/page/info/about/policies/terms. jsp. JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www. jstor. org/action/showPublisher? publisherCode=pal. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [emailprotected] org. Palgrave Macmillan Journals is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Feminist Review. http://www. jstor. org Of Own l We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mail-Order Brides and Boys Own Tales: Representations of Asian-Australian Marriages specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mail-Order Brides and Boys Own Tales: Representations of Asian-Australian Marriages specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Of Mail-Order Brides and Boys Own Tales: Representations of Asian-Australian Marriages specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mail-Order Tales: Brides and Boys Representations of Asian-Australian Marriages Kathryn Robinson Abstraet 3 Asiais increasingly entering the Australian into imaginary the nationgrapples as with the issue of Australian identity. This articleexamines two instances in whichtheideaof Asiahasbeentakenup in debates aboutmarriage relations S and between andwomen. Asiais a siteof fantasy menin an erawhenthey  ° men for feelthattraditional valuesof malepre-eminence the familyare beingunderin mined. his fantasy, In Asiais knownthrough stereotypic representations, the z stereotypes underlying nature theresponse thepopular the of in media. ,, Keywords X vl mail-order brides;Gillespiekidnapping; marriage; Australian-Asian relations; Australian identity Stereotypes, however inaccurate, one formof representation. fictions, are Like theyare created serveas substitutions, to standing for what is real in Theyarean invention, pretence one knowswhenthe stepsthatwould a that makerealknowing possible c annotbe taken arenot allowed. bellhooks,1992:341) The mail-order bridehas becomea potentsymbolin Australian representations Asia. Mail-order of bridesis the pejorative image which has come to stand for womenwho are Philippine nationalsmarrying Australians. spiteof the factthatthesewomenrepresent verysmall In a proportion the total immigration of intake,in termsof mediacoverage and publiccontroversy is probably next biggest it the immigration issue afterChineseand Indo-Chinese refugees immigrants and fromMuslim countries. ecentpopular A film,The Adventuresof Priscilla,Queen of the Desert, created character a who encapsulated dimension the one of stereotype: sex-crazed, a manipulative ex-bargirl who had trickeda decent, outback Aussiebattler marrying (Thecharacter a parinto her. is ticularly unpleasant notablyso as the filmdealswith transgressive one, sexualities thatthe central in characters dragqueens. )1 are Whyhas this phenomenon attracted much attentionand generated negative so t he stereotypes? 53 Media eoverage of mail-order brides orientalist readings o in issuebegan appear the revealing newsocial this reports Newspaper of frequency in late 1970s when a trendwas discernible an increased women. The prevailing men Australian and Filipino between marriages media responsewas negative,drawingon powerfulrepresentations Filipinas have discourse. as whichSaid(1978) has identified orientalist as withinthis discourse meek,docile slaves,oriental been constituted but with shadypasts,passiveand manipulable, also grasping beauties The power queues. o usingmarriage jumpimmigration and predatory, tropes: on fromits reliance orientalist of the mediaimagewas derived arbitrary for sensuality, lackof respect the individual, a beauties, steamy such as Mail OrderBridesin Vice exerciseof power. (See headlines Trapin the SydneyMorningHerald(Prior,1987). ) The term mailof storecatalogues, the conup orderconjures imagesof department which commodity on sumerselecting the basisof a n imagea consumer ln y 1S necessarl passlve tne acqulsltlon. . . . . . . f elements fearand we theserepresentations seethecontradictory Within Australian as (1990)has identified characterizing whichHamilton desire in of of imaginings Asia. Theelements desireare easilyrecognizable the beauties aresex slavesto Australian who compliant imageof the luscious with mediadiscussion, Fearis evidentin the oftenhysterical husbands. But of prophecies gloomand doomaboutthesemarriages. 2 the fearis where this also of miscegenation: is not likeotherformsof immigration in Heretheyare introduced the most can the newcomers be ghettoized. ivingbirthto Australian households, remoteregionsinto Australian to analysis relates the transcendence also Desirein Hamiltons children. identity, thiscase,desire in of heart Australian of the fearof the empty of familyvalues,a fearof the bankruptcy our own confor traditional socialforms. temporary bridehas in the of hold this stereotype the mail-order The powerful r evealed thepresscoverage in was consciousness spectacularly Australian eventsat the time of the deathof soap-opera the surrounding real-life in LangHancock 1991. His widow, mining magnate Australian Western bride,or evenmail-order to referred as a Filipino Rose,was constantly par the represented stereotype excellence, marriage The bride. Hancock roughdiamond, to Asianbeautymarried an old Australian a younger elements It forays marriage. drewon powerful into of the survivor earlier rich the of the discourse, factthathe was spectacularly andthatshe was and froma poor background had once workedas his houseallegedly to 1992). Disclaimers the effectthat 1990; Heinrichs, keeper(Shears, had familyin the Philippines she is froma wealthyand well-connected 4 no effecton thepublicdiscussion theissue. TheHancock of case,withits contestation between widowand Hancocks the daughter froma former marriageover considerable wealth (Riley and Humphries,1992), endorsed suspicion the that Filipinas marryAustralians money,not for love,a taken-for-granted of Australian basis marriages. In a bizarreepisode,Rose Hancockappeared the Midday Show on (1992) to refutethe allegations. Part of the interview was conducted froma bathful milk,perhaps an ironiccomment the imageof of as on the sultryexoticbeauty whichshe was refuting. Australia in the region The growthin the number Australian marrying of men Asianwomenis connected the growthin sex tourismin the region,givenan initial to impetus the R R offered US soldiers by to fighting Vietnam, in and boostedin its phenomenal growthby masstourism consequent the on development the wide-bodied Media headlinespromotedan of jet. image of a commercial trade in sex akin to slavery,for example, Marriage Market the SydneyMorningHerald (Brown, in 1980);Sella Visa,BuyA Girlin the Bulletin (Lees,1988). The WeekendAustralian featured Mail-Order Misery: Thebrides tendto comefrompoorand lowermiddle-class backgrounds and to be motivated chiefly economic by factors. Butthereare otherfactors involved somecases,suchas poormarriage in prospects theirown society in becausethey are too old, singlemothersor formerprostitutes. The bottomlinein manymail-order marriages the husbands is inability finda to partner hisownsociety. inability be a result geographic in This can of isolation but oftenit arisesfromnegative personality traits. . . [heis] shunned the by womenof his own society. About5000 mail-order brides in Queenslive land,wheretheymakeup 95 percentof the Filipino migrant community, a muchhigher proportion in otherStates. than (Lowe, citedin Jackson, 1989) The stereotypes encountered the everydaydiscussionof the issue in reflected fundamental a truth: thecurrent in globalsystem, whereindustrialcapitalist countries ourownconsume disproportionate like a amount of wealth,the accident birthmeans thesemenoccupya particular of that locationin the contemporary world as male members a capitalist of metropolis, economically the dominant society. An Australian way of marriage? The newspaper reports focusedon the fact that in manycasesthe men weremeeting theirbrides through introduction agencies whichsometimes 55 operated pen pal clubs. Magazines, as Australian Singles, as such o featured of photographs brief pages and biographies Filipinas of seeking =penpalswitha viewto matrimony: thecharacterization hence of the O mail-order bride. was at a timewhenintroduction This agencies (as 3 well as newspaper columns radioprogrammes up to find and set partners) lesscommon theyaretoday. ere than Hence, hadthe they F stench illegitimacy failing conform whatwasassumed of by to with to s bethenorm marriage of arising of theromantic out attachmenttwo of freeindividuals. A feature themedia of discussion thehint therespective was that partners couldnot achieve theirdesired through end legitimate means. Hence therewas a stresson the characteristicsmenas olderthantheir of brides (old,uglymenwithno currency the market on getting young, beautif ul women practisingkindof hypergamy, is, marrying a that up into a higher status category). omen, contrast, seeking The by in a wayout of poverty marryingforeigner a developed by a from country, wereseento be acting an illegitimate (and on basis practisingkindof a economic hypergamy). apparent This transgression the ideology of of romantic allowed women be branded grasping love the to as opportunists, nothing better thanprostitutes. moresympathetic The version hadthem sexslaves, as forced selltheir to bodies (obviously) in loveless marriages. , The mediadebate drawn has powerfully discourses gender on of in contemporary Australian society. lany themedia In of stories, men the seeking Filipino brides havebeenquoted linking motivation as their to negative feelings about Australian women. example, manfrom For a an agency whicharranges thesemarriages quoted saying, was as many menwanted Asian wivesbecause werefed up withthe demands they Australian women makeandtheirunfaithfulness (Brown , 1980). Here is an alternative discourse: Asianwomen trulyfeminine, the are and Eastis a source traditional of family values. Thisdiscourse holdsa promise family andstable of life marriage canbetapped marrywhich by inganAsian bride. ssumption these The that marriages so evidently are not basedon romantic is a powerful love challenge assumptions to in our own society aboutthe connections between romantic and love marriage. Changing gender relations Australia in Thepower theimage themail-order canalsobe related of of bride to changing gender relations marriage and relations Australia, as in such the large-scale of women the workforce the post-Second entry into in 56 WorldWarera, the introduction the mid-1970sof no-faultdivorce, in limitedstate supportfor womenin the formof singleparentpensions and so on. In contemporary Australiaa significantproportionof marriages breakdownandwomenhavetended retain to controlof their childrenin such cases. Marriageand family relationsare amongst 3 the most hotly debatedissues in the contestation about male-female relations our own society. in Australian womens response the media to reports reflectsthe way the issues take their meaningfrom these tensionsbetweenmen and women. For example,a womanwrote to The Australianaftera Four Corners television programme dealt with these issues, expressing anger at the attitudesexpressed men her by marrles Fllplnas: to . . I stronglyresentthe statementby the Aussiemales,that Australian women had somethingto learn from the subservient Filipinowomen. In my opinion these lazy bastards. . . are not prepared spend any energymakingan Australian to marriage work . . . and so importa meek, obedientslave to be theirwife. (Bacon,1979) Themenarerepresented failures slobswho taketheeasyway out, as and incapable shaping to a red-blooded of up Aussiegirl. Where are the Filipinas in the debate? Suchcomments drawon the presumption womenas a grouphavea that transparent of common set interests, thata (politically so conscious) First World whitewomancan speakfor all women,so thatthe Filipino brides are regarded sisterslettingthe side down. Theydo not take account as of the varyingsituations interests womenwho occupydifferent and of positionsin the global system. The assumed rightof white womento speakforThird World women, assumptions theuniversal the of character of patriarchy the unity of womenspoliticalstrugglehave been and challenged. 4 Thewomenthemselves beenlargely have silenced thesedebates. n There havenot beennumbers highprofilearticles of reporting theirstated on motivations, any consideration broader or of issuessuchas the assumptions underlying marriage the Philippines. 5 is despitethe fact in This that in recentyearsFilipinas haveestablished advocacy organizations to counter stereotype. television the A drama Mail OrderBrideendeavoured to represent theirpoint of vie w. Set againstthe background white of Australian racism a country in town,it revealed contradictory the nature of the way the structural issuesare playedout for individuals, very a sensitiveportrayal which challenges stereotypes, shows their the but power. For example,the wife is rapedby a matewho earlierin the 5i7 o = O 3 F s uw film tells other matesthat all womenfrom the Philippines marrying Australians ex-prostitutes will takehis moneyandrun. In spite are who of the growing feelingbetween manand his wife,we see how these the attitudes awayat himand so, for example, firstassumes she eat he that has beenunfaithful, only recognizes rapewhenhe sees she has and the beenbeaten. The filmalso explores conflictoveruse of the contrathe ceptivepill the wife is a Catholic and differing assumptions about dutyto onesfamily (ABC 1985). TV, Academic research: challenging the stereotypes This mediadebateand the negativeimagesportrayed, especially the negatlvelmages ot Flllplnowomen, led to concernedcommentln academic journals, particular seriesof articlesbeginning 1982 in a in in The AustralianJournal of Social Issues. The firstof these,by David Watkins, university a bureaucrat was himself who married a Filipina, to challenged stereotype the meek,submissive the of beautyby discussing the academicliterature, especiallythe social psychologyliterature. His agenda to disabuse was would-be suitors whoseimages Filipinas, of and hence expectations, were being shaped by the media debates. He countered negativestereotype the with another, womanwho the appeared be compliant to because herfemininity was accomplished of but in the covertexercise power. was askedto writea comment his of I on paper(Robinson, 1982). . . . . . . . . I founda dearth factual of information aboutthe women,and the men seekingthem as partners. The mediareportscited by Watkins were basedon interviews with a few individuals. elevant The government departments the timeImmigration Foreign (at and Affairs) no data had on the women or the marriages, althougha ForeignAffairssocial worker gaveme herpersonal opinionoverthe telephone whichdrewon the prevailing mediadiscourse the ugly,old Australian couldn of who get himself brideand the poor,dumbslave,the Filipina a beauty. Most intriguing a letterto the Sydney Morning Herald froman expert, was the DeputyDirectorof the Marri age Guidance Bureau(see Watkins, 1982). His letterseemedto indicate that thesewomenwerepresenting as a clientgroup. WhenI followed up with the Marriage this Guidance Council, was not so. His letterwas all conjecture, it another projection of the samestereotypes aboutthe dangers cross-cultural of marriage. By the late 1980s a seriesof studieshad beencarried whichaimed out to discoversomething about these womenand their situation, beginningwith Charita Ungsons study(1982). Most took as theirfocusthe powerful stereotype the mail-order of brideand endeavoured rebutit to 5l 8 (see,for example, Cooke,1986; Jackson Flores,1989). One of the and most interesting, basedon an analysis the 1986 census,was suppleof mented a survey Filipinos Australia by of in (Jackson, 1989). Thisstudy demonstrates degree fantasy the of whichunderpins stereotypes. the The picture whichemerges of womenin theirthirties, is average 30 to age 31, marrying Australian men who are, on average,11. 7 years older According the censusfigures,Filipinas to livingin Australia were ten timesmorelikelyto havea tertiary qualification Australian than women in general. The mediadebatehad focusedon the personal qualities of the men marrying Filipinas and the assumed expectations about their brides hencehadbeenlocated theterrain the shifting and in of definitions of genderin our own society. Censusdata revealed that Filipinas in mixed marriage households tend to show a greaterconcentration in miningareas,areaswith unbalanced ratios,regions sex whosecharacter has beencreatedby earlier wavesof migration wheresinglemen have beenselectively recruited cheaplabourfor Australian as industry: Could one not then arguethat the Filipinas prepared live and succeedin to remotecommunities the new heroinesof the outbackand to be are admired (Jackson, [? ] 1989: 180). The generalpicturehe presents, of the demographic socialprofileof the peopleinvolvedin Filipinoand Australian marriages, mirrored findings othercommunity the of surveys (seeUngson,1982; Cooke,1986). In 1987 therewas anotherarticlein the AustralianJournal of Social Issues countering new dimension the mediaimage;the claimthat a to thesemarriages brokedown morefrequently Australian than marriages. An examination FamilyCourtstatistics otherdata enabledthe of and authors conclude therewas no evidence thesemarriages to that that are inherently moreunstable thanthe Australian norm(Chuaet al. 1987). In spiteof the fact that a lot of information come into the public has domainrefuting aspectsof the stereotype, has none the less gained it a powerfulhold. Filipinasliving in Australia reportthat they now feel tarred with the brush, peoples that attitudes reflect assumption the that all Filipinas mail-order are brides, that they fit the stereotype in termsof theirpersonal qualities, theirmotivati ons the negative and view of their partners. They feel malignedand spurnedby the pejorative stereotype. Paradoxically, probablyas a result of media attention,both the Australian Philippines and governments have tightened procedures, up so thatthe smallpercentage meetthrough who mail-order agencies and pen pal clubs is decliningeven further(Payne,1990). However,the stereotype not beenrevamped linewiththischange. has in 5g O e Whyhas this stereotype gained such a hold? The issue has resoundedwith meaningsderived from the contestations in contemporaryAustralian society about the nature of male-female with debates which have intersected relations,and the natureof marriage, of relationswith Asia. Constructions genderare signifiabout Australian cant in both ethnic identitiesand their counterpoint,ethnic stereotypes. In a recent article dealing with reportingon Asia, Peter Mares cites an article from the British newspaperthe Independent:Love hotels are spread all over Asia, where the supposed christian ideal of life-long fidelity to ones spouse is replaced by an easy-going, matter-of-fact approach to sex (cited in Mares, 1993). Said (1978) argues that the West portrays the East as an ideal and unchangingabstraction. Orientalismis a way of dealing with the Orient by making statements about it, authorisingviews of it, describingit, by teachingit, settlingit, ruling over it . . . an acceptedgrid for filteringthe Orient into Western (Said,1978:7). LauraNader (1989)extendsher argument consciousness women as a to show how the orientalistgrid is importantin maintaining subordinateclass in both the Orient and the Occident. She stressesthe importanceof the use of comparisonin genderconstruction. Critiqueof of the other may be an instrument control when the comparisonasserts a position of superiority'(Nader, 1989:234). That is, while it may be bad here it is worse somewhere else, for example, in the Orient. So images of women in other societiesreinforcenorms of subordination in our own (Nader, 1989: 347) through the process of constructing Hence the negativestereotypesof women in other positionalsuperiority. iscourse. The culturesare significantin both orientalistand patriarchal positional superiorityof Westernwomen as symbolic of the positional of superiority the West is a deeply ingrainedidea (Nader,1989:329). The particularconstructionof the mail-orderbride, the sensual sex slave, and the counterview of the oriental bride as the salvation of traditional family values, can be understood as constructionsof the other in the Australianquest for identity. The negativestereotypewhich is the prevailingone relates both to issues of female subordinationin of our own society and to the ideologicaljustification our position as an affluentcountryin a region of the world wherepovertyis still the norm. o e z 2, TheGillespiecase a battle of images We can develop the idea of understandingthe representationsof Asians in marriagesto Australiansas being instancesof orientalistand patriarchal readings by looking at another recent media issue, the Gillespie case, which was also about tensions in the constitution of 6C D context. The Gillespie case confamilies, heightened a cross-cultural in married a Malaysian, the to and cernedan Australian womanformerly of between Australian the caseemerged against background tensions the and Malaysiangovernmentover the television series Embassy, a veiled classicallyorientalisttext with easternpotentates,submissive lurkingbeneaththe surface women,and politicaland sexualdisorder had nobletitle, and (see Mitchell, 1993). The ex-husband a Malaysian media as the prince. was consistently referred in the Australian to his from In July 1992 he was reported havekidnapped two children to their Australian other who had custody during an access visit. The headlineMalaysianPrinceVanishesWith Two Little Aussies 1992: 1). Kidnappings appeared the SydneyMorningHerald (Hewett, in bornparent occurso frequently that of children an estranged by foreign on the Australian government tightenedup restrictions parents has this of takingchildren overseas. no othercaseshaveattracted degree But publ icity. cast. Mrs Gillespie The earliestpress reportswere in an orientalist backbecause Islamic expressed fearsaboutnot gettingthe children her law will be biased against her. Invokingher alleged sentenceof (Jacqueline six strokesof the cane for leavingthe prince,Mr Gillespie Gillespies secondhusband) said,formy wife, livingin a fundamentalist Islamic societyas a member a royalfamilywas likegoingbackthree of and (Hewett, 1992). hundred years. It was verybrutal repressive the within On 16 JulyMr Gillespie claimed princewouldbe regarded as the fundamentalist Islamcommunity a hero, rescuinghis children were veryadeptat fromthe infidels (Cornwall, 1992a). The Gillespies promoting these orientalist imagesin the mediain the serviceof their of cause. Theprince challenged storyof the six strokes the caneand the had as The criticized fact thathis children beenbaptized Christians. the as Malaysian minister law was reported sayingthat underMalaysian custody because hadconverted she to law MrsGillespie surrendered had interview, representative a Christianity (Cornwall, 1992b). In a television of the Malaysian government askedaboutthe case- the interviewer was (Jana Wendt) focusing the six strokesof the canestory- and about on invokinga negativeand threatening the threatof femalecircumcision, imageof Islam. The orientalist imageswere used to greateffectiveness 1992 issueof the by Mrs Gillespie puttingher case. The September in EveryWomans Australian WomansWeeklyhad the coverline Living Gillespie, WorstNightmare emblazoned acrossa pictureof Jacqueline of in holdinga childstoy, with framedphotographs the children the background. The interviewwith JacquelineGillespiewas a classic and (Duncan, 1992) orientalist aboutharems, text beatings sexualcruelty s1 O o zeo O 3 As in the representation mail-order of brides, images thoseof a the are sensual orientin whichwomenhavea subordinate position oddswith at the elevated positionof western women:the harem,violentoppression of women,andso on. Againwe saw the imageof the olderman(in this case, the Asian) marrying younger(Eurasian-Australian) the woman. Thereare sharedimageswith manyof the Filipino stories- of forced and/orviolentsex andpolygamy Lowe,1988:3; Taylor, (see 1990:18). The return of a fathers right? However, therewas another element the mediacoverage; manyof of in the stories,the assertion the fathers of rightwas a dominant image. It resonated with debates aboutmensrightsand theirchildren, of one the issuesfor the contemporary mensmovement. example, ABC For an programme featured exclusive an interview with the princebackhome in Malaysia. He was given a sympathetic hearing,at one stage the interviewer asking,is thatyourchildren can hearin the background I theysoundjustlike mine'(Law Report, 1992). At aboutthe sametime the ABCalso hostedan AustraliaTalksBack (1992)programme, where listeners were invitedto telephone with theiropinionson the Gillespie case,explicitly linking controversial to the ongoingcritique the issue of the FamilyCourt,by men who felt it had takenaway theirrightsto theirchildren. This had the overtones a cautionary Thiscould of tale: happento you, girls, if you arentmore considerate mensrights. of Therewas the juxtaposition storiesin The Australian,linkingthe of kidnapping issuesof custody men(Fife-Yeomans, to for 1993). InOctober 1993, the princewroteto WeekendAustralian,linkinghis case to that of othermen treated badlyby the Family Court,thanking the all Australian fathers who have beensupportive his case (Shah,1993). of TheABCRadioNews (1993)broadcast as sayinghe hadbeenconhim tactedby manyAustralians dissatisfied the Family with Court. ) When the princere-emerged Malaysia,there were happy family in picturesof him with the childrenin newspapers and on tel evision (Harris,1992; Gleick,1993). Somenewspapers recounted heroic the effortsthe princewent throughto reclaimhis children, showingan admiration the military-like for planning his escapeandavoidance of of authority (see, for example, Connolly, 1992;Wright,1992b). Through suchrepresentations, princewas rescued the fromthe orientalist stereotype:the loving father,the wily strategist overcoming odds to be all reunited his children. with 62t Theprince consistently givena voice,for example, the radio has been in interview referred above,but particularly the earlypartof 1993, to in y following announcement an whenthe issueagainhit newsheadlines from that the Australian government they would seek his extradition Malaysia(Stewart al. , 1993). This secondroundshowedboth sides et on images the partof adeptly exploiting mediain termsof orientalist the imageson the partof the prince. In an the Gillespies, occidentalist and was interview the SydneyMorningHerald,the prince askedaboutthe in childrens relations with his secondwife. H e repliedthat he had been and took to her stepmother, when amazed how quickly daughter at his givesme this kindof he askedher why,she said:Nobodyin Australia attention. s therewhen I got [sic] to bed, at homewhen I come She 1993:23). homefromschool'(Harris, Sixty Minutes. on programme The princewas interviewed the television wherehe brokehis ex-wifes He was askedaboutthe allegedincident correctly, she nosewith a coat hanger because had not hunghis trousers The in and which had been reported the WomensWeekly interview. In the denialof the incident. discussing princes answerwas an indirect who sociologyclass,the only student programme an introductory with reported as saying,YesI did hit her, him had watched programme the It but I was withinmy rightsas thatis our custom. eemsthe students influenced (in this case)the orientalist by hearing moreprofoundly was said. stereotype it was by whatwas actually than was with TheSixty Minutesinterview introduced a claimthatthe prince his to had no t had sufficient opportunity put his case,and stressed right to be heard(Sixty Minutes, 1993). Thisis a rightwhichhas neverbeen reclaiming his The father stressed mail-order for brides. sentimentalized as rightswas not subjectto the same disapprobation the mail-order So the or motives. hereas bridemarrying economic otherspurious for the Filipinabridesare demonized, princevery quicklyturnedfrom a his to demonwho had kidnapped children take thembackto a life of into tyrannyand Islamicfundamentalism a kind of BoysOwn hero reclaiming rights a father. his as Conclusion of in Both of the cases discussed this articlerelateto the complexity heterosexual marriage and familyrelationsas they are revealedin a relations. cross-cultural context. Whatis at stakeis a view of conjugal of the case Thediscourse surrounding Gillespie is revealing the discourse aboutFilipinas. he identifies marriage In The Sexual Contract (1988), CarolPateman found in contemporary contractas criticalto the form of patri archy two freeand capitalist societies. Ratherthan beinga contractbetween 63 equalindividuals, argues is themodethrough she it whichthecommunity of menregulate theiraccessto women. Thisfraternal of patriarchy form or brother rightin herviewsuperseded olderformof patriarchy an or ON fatherright which was characteristic societieswhose fundamental of 3 socialformwas basedon relations status,not contract. nalysis of Her is instructive the understanding the issuesof the reasonfor the for of F differing representations the mail-order of brideon the one hand,and E the prince, BoysOwnhero,on the other. the o zeh O Welivein an erawhere marriage beingredefined, partin response is in to the changingsocial role of women, and specificfeministdemands. Changes such as no-faultdivorce,womensentryinto the workforce, and (notionally) equalpay,are undermining manyof the underpinnings of marriage a patriarchal as institution. The prevailing stereotype of Filipinas mainlynegative the ountervailing is b ut discourse, stereothe type of the Asianwomanas a repository traditional of familyvalues, can be understood termsof debates in aboutrelations between and men womenin our own society. The censorious tone towardsthe parties involved Australian/Filipina in marriages indicates the phenomenon that is seento represent undermining thedominant an of myths oursociety in aboutsexualattraction romantic and love as the appropriate basisfor marriage. 6 Pateman not dealwiththeemotional does aspects marriage romantic of love, sexualattraction, parents feelingsfor children, However, etc. s RobertaHamilton(1978) exploresin her work, notionsof romantic lovehavebeencritical the formulation contemporary to of constructs of marriage. argues as production She that increasingly became located outsidethehome,lovebecame elevated thechiefideological as underpinning of marriage. Hencewe can readsomeof the hostility the mail-order to brideas the challenge such arrangements to the ideological pose construction marriage a lovematch. of as Muchof the negative publicity aboutno-faultdivorceand the Family Courthas focusedon the issuesof mensrightsto theirchildren. The prince represented bothpositive negative is in and readings his actions of as the bearer a culture of whichenforces stronger a notionof father right thanour own. In thisinstance Islamic Malaysia becomes site of desire a for menwho see the erosionof theirrightsto theirchildren through a weakening the powerof the marriage of contract centralto fraternal formsof patriarchy. Thedebate aboutfamily relations whichengage withtheother to be has understood onlyin termsof orientalist not construction the other, of but also in termsof patriarchal constructions the heartof the constitution at 64 W of ourselves andtherein its power. ies Thuswe cansee the connections mail-order betweenthe seemingly disparate imagesof the subjugated brideand the heroic princeassertinghis right as a father. Asia is of constituted a site in our imaginary as wherethe tensions traumas and our own rapidly changing worldbecome playedout. The subtextin the = Filipino brides debateis, women herehavegot it good;in t he Gillespie c. caseit is, males herecan haveit bewer. vb Notes of Kathryn Robinson a SeniorResearch is Fellowin the Department Anthropology,Research School of PacificStudiesand Asian Studiesat Australian with NationalUniversity, Canberra. esearch beenconcerned issuesof Her has of development Indonesia, particular effects the development a multiin in the of nationalowned nickelmine. Her most recentwritingsfocus on authorized modelsof femininity, including promotion contraceptive Her work the of use. nations) takesas its starting pointrelations between Australia otherwealthy (and andthe AsiaPacific region. 1 Theimage forcenot justin thepopular has media. recent A DavidWilliamson his play,Money and Friendscontained joke aboutthe manwho divorced a expensive Australian wife, got anotherfrom the Philippines was now and copingwith her desireto bringher familyto live with him. In her book put The Sexual Contract,Carole Pateman comments, Wives no longer up are by for auction Australia, in Britain the U. S. buttheycan be bought mailand order fromthe Philippines (1988:190). of 2 In recent yearstherehavebeensomewell-publicized violentincidents wife husbashing murder, and whereFilipinas havebeenthe victims Australian of such bands. Thesecaseshavealso beenreported a manner in whichimplies than these violence morelikelyto be a feature thesemarriages, is of rather proportion marriages exhibiting violence the whichis a feature a significant of of all Australian marriages for example, (see, Dempsey, 1991;Dibben,1995). The negative representation Rose Hancock of was so strongthat the (then) of RaceRelations Commissioner, Moss,criticized mediainvocation Irene the received little the stereotype the mail-order of bride, although comments her attention fromthe media. 4 For example, debatesin Spare Rib, AustralianFeministStudies and on the ComingOut Stow. 5 Thereis an exp ectation marriages be arranged, thatin the case that will and of arranged marriages, parentshave a responsibility duty to consider and ideology economic issueswhichin our societyareobfuscated the powerful by of romantic love. i5 6! @ s  ° , In Southeast therearetraditions romantic andsexualpassion, Asia of love for example,in courtchronicles the Mababtaratain Indonesia. like However, untilrecenttimesit was not usuallyassumed that this was an appropriate basisfor marriage. Marriage arranged was between families the bride the of and groom,with an eye to constituting successful household; was a new it assumed desireand passionwoulddevelopbetween husband wife after and thewedding. z . References l ABC RADIO (1993)Newsbroadcast, RadioNational October. 18 ABC TV (1985)Mail OrderBride,27 October. AGE, THE (1992a) Fortune forgedin iron (Obituary LangleyGeorge for 16 Hancock 1909-1992), March: 28 21. (1992b)Hancock be buried thehatchet not,4 April: may but is 5. AUSTRALIA TALKS BACK (199 2) TheGillespie case,Talkback programme, ABCRadioNational, August. 4 AUSTRALL4N (1983)Mail order mismatches, Editorial, January: S 6. BACON, C. (1979)Letter theEditor, to Australian, 4 October: 8. BOER, C. (1988)Are You Looking Fora Filipino Wik8: A Study of Filipina Australian Marriages A Research Project the Anglican of General SynodSocial Responsibilities Commission the International and Affairs Commission, Sydney: General Synod Office. BROWN,M. 1980)Growth theFilipino in marriage market spectacular Sydney Morning Herald, 3 September: 10. CADZOW, (1982)Whysomebrides tearful J. are Australian, 17 March: 9. CHIO-NUNEZ, (1988)A Study of tte General Settlement Status of tte Filipino J. Immigrant Women in New South Wales (February): 1-33. CHUA, F. et al. (1987)DoesAustralia havea Filipina brides problem? Australian Journal of Social Issues Vol. 22, No. 4: 573-83. CONNOLLY, (1992)Boldkidnap A. dashDaily Mirror, 9 October: 7. COOKE, M. (1986)Australian-Filipino F. marriages the 1980s:t hemythand in thereality, Viviani in (1986). CORNWALL, (1992a) D. Govtoffers to Australian aid mother Sydney Morning Herald, 16 July: 5. (1992b)Govthas deserted children familySydney Morning Herald, 22 July: 3. DEBELLE, (1993)Prince escape P. of Newcastle Herald, 9 January: and 39. 1 DEMPSEY, (1991) Filipino S. brides: elevenkilledin Australia Herald, Sun 14 July:12-13. DIBBEN,K. (1995) Murder mail-order by Sunday Mail, 26 February: 95. 66, DUNCAN, S. (1992) WhyI had to escapemy life with a prince Australian Womens Weekly, September: 8-11, 49. s w_tYT x _S 4 n s * 14 * | . . . FIFE-YEOMANS, (1993) Childabduction easy,says judgeAustralian, J. too 8 July:4. GLEICK, (1993) WhyI stolemychildren E. WHO Weekly, May:28-35. 24 GROSSBERG, NELSON,C. andTREICHLER, A. (1992) CulturalStudies L. , P. ; z = New York: Routledge. HAMILTON,A. (1990) Fearand desire: Aborigines, Asiansand the national imaginary AustralianPerceptionsOfAsia: AustralianCulturalHistory No. 9: 14-35. HAMILTON,R. (1978) The LiberationOfWomen:A Study OfPatriarcby and Capitalism, London, Boston: Allen Unwin. HARRIS,M. (1992) Thecourtorder thatled to a kidnapping SydneyMorning Herald,3 August: and4. (1993) A besiegedprincedefendshis cause Sydney Morning Herald, 15 May:23. HEINRICHS,P. (1992) The revenge the WestTSe Sunday Age, S April: of m 1, 4. HENRY,S. andPORTER,J. (1992) Child abduction prince pleadsfor fairgo Australian, July:3. 28 HEWEll, T. (1992) Malaysian prince vanishes with two littleAussies Sydney MorningHerald, 14 July: 1. HOOKS, bell (1992) Representing whitenessin the black imaginat ion, in Grossberg al. (1992). et HUMPHRES, D. (1993) Lawbreaks hearts wontbendWeekendAustrabut lian, 22-23 May:1. HUMPHRIES, LIGHT,D. andRILEY, (1992) Hancock D. M. denied dying his wishfor dignity Age, 4 April: TWe 1. JACKSON, R. T. (1989) Filipino migration Australia: imageand a to the geographers dissent AustralianGeograpticalStudiesVol. 27, No. 2. JACKSON,R. T. andFLORES, R. (1989) No Filipinosin Manilla:A Studyof E. FilipinoMigrantsin AustraliaTownsville: JamesCook University. LAWREPORT(1992) Interviewwith PrinceBahrinShah. ABC Radio National, 28 July. LEES,C. (1988) Sell a visa, buy a girl TWe Bulletin,13 September: 46-8. LOWE,B. (1988) Mail-ordermisery WeekendAustralian,25-6 June (Supplementary): 3. MARES,P. 1993) Asia:a many-splendoured thing24 Hours April:35-7, 41. MIDDAY SHOW (1992) John Mangosinterview with Rose Hancock,Channel9, 13 May. A41GRATION (1988) Filipinas Australia myth and realityApril:10-13. in Nll 1 tLL, 1. 1 88t Wrlentallsm ln Kagaan: emoassys lmaglnatlve ge ographyMeanjinVol. 52, No. 2: 265-76. NADER, L. (1989) Orientalism,occidentalismand the control of women CulturalDynamicsVol. 2, No. 3: 323-55. PATEMAN, (1988) Tbe Sexual ContractCambridge: C. Polity. PAYNE, (1990) Banon mail-order-bride J. businesses welcomedMigration79, June/July: 3. 6i7 W s e Sydney Morning PRIOR,N. (1987)Mail order brides vicetrap,study in finds Herald, 9 November. but RILEY, andHUMPHREYS, (1992)Lang M. D. Hancock buried feudlives on Sydney Morning Herald, 3 April: 2. A ROBINSON,K. (1982)Filipino brides: slaves marriage or partners? comment Australian Journal of Social Issues Vol. 17, No. 2: 166-70. SAID, Edward (1978)Orientalism New York: Pantheon.  ° , z ^2 SHAH,RajaBahrin(1993) My case for all, Letterto the EditorWeekend 16-17 October: 16. SHEARS, (1990) A rose colouredspectacle R. Australian Womens Weekly, August: 10-13. ith SlXTY MES (1993) Theprincespeaksout, Ray Martininterview RajaBahrin Shah, Channel 16 September. 9, prince STEWART, HENRY, and GUNN, M. (1993)Gillespie C. , S. abduction: sought Weekend Australian, 8-9 May:1-2. 18. TAYLOR, (1990)Filipino T. women luredby ruseThe Age, 6 April: UNGSON,C. (1982) A Bride for All Reasons: Report on a Pilot Survey of Affairs. Filipino Brides Melbourne: Department Immigration Ethnic of and 1-65. VIVIANI, (1986)editor, N. Australia-Asia Papers No. 37, December: WALL, R. (1983)Filipino D. brides: slavesor marriage partners? A further comment Australian Journal of Social Issues Vol. 8, No. 1: 217-20. Australian WATKINS, (1982) Filipino D. brides: slavesor marriage partners? Journal of Social Issues Vol. 17, No. 1: 73-84. Australian (1983)Filipino brides revisited a replyto Robinson Wall and Journal of Social Issues Vol. 18, No. 1, 221-2. WHOWEEKLY (1994)A royaltugof love,3 January. WILLIAMS, (1987) Looking a long-nose L. for husband Sydney Morning Herald, 5 August. WRIGHT,T. (1992a)Abductor prince: the will of GodSydney Morning its Herald, 27 July:1 and7. (1992b)How princefooled our coast patrolSydney Morning Herald, 30 July:1 and6. Australian, 68

Acustic Guitars essays

Acustic Guitars essays Since before Edison, since before the mayflower, one instrument has dominated the way we make and listen to music. This instrument is the guitar. Over its long life the guitar has undergone many drastic and important changes. Its most recent change was came when the guitar was fused with electricity to make the electric guitar. Since the advent of the electric guitar, the conventional, acoustic guitar has remained popular. An acoustic guitar is made up of several important parts like the bridge, the nut, the frets, the tuning pegs, and the body. The most important of these parts is the sound board. The sound board is what makes the noise made by the guitar audible to the human ear. With out the sound board the sounds made by the string would be very hard to hear. To accomplish this, the strings are connected, through the nut to the sound board, which with the of the hole at its center, resonates the sound inside the guitar and makes it many times louder. The body of a guitar co nsists of two regions know as the upper and lower bouts. The upper-bout resonates the higher pitched notes, while the lower-bout resonates the lower pitched notes. When a manufacturer wants to make a guitar, he must first pick his materials. For the body of the guitar, spruce is usually picked because it makes the best resonation. The upper parts of the guitar is usually made up of a harder wood like mahogany or cedar is chosen to reinforce the guitars strength. The individual pieces of the guitar are cut first using precision saws that are run by computer. The pieces then enter the bounding department in which they are glued together using animal hide glue made especially for musical instruments. The glued pieces are bounded by tape while the glue sets over night. After the pieces are glue firmly together they inspected for quality. Then the fittings like the tuning pegs and the frets are glued into place. Then any kind of decorative pieces ...

Theme of love in Roman Fever Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theme of love in Roman Fever - Essay Example It was recorded live during the work's New York premiere production, given at the Manhattan School in December 2001. Ward (b. 1917) has had a long, distinguished career, the highlight of which was the Pulitzer Prize he was awarded in 1962 for his opera The Crucible, after Arthur Miller's play. His musical idiom, here as elsewhere, is quite conservative tonally (he asserts in the notes that the line between opera and Broadway is becoming increasingly blurred), but he understands the effective deployment of dissonance and variety. This is best demonstrated in the last ten minutes of the hour-long piece, when an accidental meeting in Rome of two old friends -- twenty years after they first spent time there together -- results in a series of intense revelations that turn long-held assumptions upside-down for both of them. Wharton's story has a shocker of a dosing line, which librettist Roger Brunyate has preserved. The section leading up to it flits in and out of an arrestingly rhythmic 7/8 feel, unlike anything we've heard in the rest of the piece. Prior to that, the music has been unfailingly pleasant, if occasionally meandering, and the characters successfully drawn, but Ward and Brunyate have had to struggle with the fact that not much happens in the story -- the surprises begin only toward the end. Dorothy Grimley, as Alida, has a moving aria about the clanging church bells and the unpleasant memories they bring back. The four women (two mothers and their daughters) have a beautiful quartet, an outstanding example of vocal ensemble writing. The orchestrational and vocal flights of fancy in the latter part of "They kissed our hands" (for the two girls, sung by Amy Shoremount and Eudora Brown) help us forget that the beginning is a direct lift from Cole Porter's "It's DeLovely." In all, Roman Fever is an adroit, thoughtfully expanded operatic treatment of a great story, if not a great opera in itself; there is, however, plenty to enjoy. The continuing commitment to the production of contemporary opera by the Manhattan School is an invaluable experience for its students, who for the most part outdo themselves when given the chance to sing challenging new roles. The four young women in the cast (Erin Elizabeth Smith completes the quartet as Grace) all sing clearly and attractively; each mother/daughter pair shares a similar vocal coloring, so that similarity of sound is familial, not generational. Maxime Alvarez de Toledo divertingly rounds out the cast of five as a self-dramatizing waiter singing in Italian-accented English. The students of the Manhattan School of Music Opera Orchestra are in fine form under conductor David Gilbert. The Story Two old friends, Alida Slade and Grace Ansley, are finishing lunch on the terrace of a Roman restaurant and move to the parapet, where they benignly contemplate the magnificent ruins of the Palatine and the Forum. Remarking that the scene below is the most beautiful view in the world, the two ladies agree to spend the afternoon on the terrace. Alida arranges with the waiter to permit them to stay until evening. They hear their daughters, Barbara Ansley and Jenny Slade, departing to spend the afternoon with two eligible young Italian men, and Grace remarks that the young women will probably return late, flying back by moonlight from Tarquinia. It becomes evident at this point that Grace has a closer relationship with her daughter than Alida has with Jenny because Alida did not know where the girls were going. Also, Barbara remarks a bit ruefully to Jenny as the two of them depart that they are leaving their mothers with nothing much to do. At that point, Alida broaches the

The British and Global Economy. Industrial revolution in Britain Essay

The British and Global Economy. Industrial revolution in Britain - Essay Example This means that the industrial revolution developed after a long process of technological innovation and interaction across the land mass (Allen, 2011: 366). However, many experts argue that neither Britain nor Europe had economic advantages more that the Indian regions until the occurrence of the industrial revolution. These countries were commercialized and productive since they benefited from advanced technologies. One of the vital aspects that encouraged industrial revolution was the environmental availability of cheap and available coal in Britain. Coal was employed to produce fuel in heat industries, for example, furnaces. Eventually, it was used to produce steam power for the developing factories (Hobsbawm, 1968: 31). Britain was distinct since it had easy access to large reserves of coal, since it was an efficient source of power than wood and charcoal. The use of coal in the production of iron was efficient in the revolution means. The coalmines from early 17 the centuries were very significant, the Black Country developed in England, and it transformed the textiles centers of the world. The factories and industrial towns also developed with canals and roads (Crafts, 1987: 2). The development of railroad and steam ships widened the market of manufactured goods. Industrial revolution changed the way things were made as new machines that were invented during the 17th and 18th century. This meant that it was possible to mass production of goods in the factories. It developed from Britain and it spread through North America and Europe, resulting to an improvement on social and economic conditions. The geographical position of Britain geopolitical position, since it was an island situated off the coast of the European continent. This favored the development of British naval power and protection from the continental warfare. Naval power was necessary since it allowed Britain to conquer the trade routes and colonies that improved industrial revolution and it provides raw materials (Allen, 2011: 374). Britain was able to extract diverse amounts of wealth from the New World through the slave trade and plantations. Capitalist merchants controlled Britain and this made it efficient for it to extract wealth. It also indicated that wealth could be used to fund the development of industrial capitalism. During the 18th century, the British ships transported more than a million Afr ican slaves to the British Caribbean to offer labor. Britain built extensive utility of mercantilist trade strategies that protected the developing industries against imports that had high tariffs imposed on them (Hobsbawm, 1968: 29). According to Marxists, several factors contributed to the industrial revolution in Britain. The development of capitalism could not be defined as the primary reason of entrepreneurial spirit of the British. The British revolution was a long period of economic and political changes marked by violent upheavals such as English Revolution during the 17th century. However, during the beginning of the 18th century, Britain was identified as the European country where the social relationships were embedded firmly. There were two significant features of capitalism that are important in the industrial revolution in Britain, the first was the prior capitalist class that developed over the previous centuries asserting its dominance in the British society (Crafts, 1987: 4). The

The Social Cost of Carbon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

The Social Cost of Carbon - Essay Example The adverse impacts may be in the form of poorer health outcomes, loss or harm to biodiversity, economic weakening of agricultural, timber, water and energy industries, as well as the loss or destruction of coastal resources. The important feature of these detrimental effects is that they are not borne by the immediate parties in any economic transactions. In economists’ terminology they are ‘externalities’; however, they are experienced by the wider society (Putnam, 2007). In choosing the carbon reduction policy to be implemented, the social cost of carbon can be used at least in theory, as an indicator of whether society would be benefited by using the policy. Thus, if a social cost of carbon at  £70 per tonne is accepted, a carbon reduction policy that reduces emissions at more than  £70 per tonne would be rejected. However, the â€Å"social cost of carbon has been criticised as being too uncertain to provide the basis for policy decision making† (Putnam, 2007, p.28). It has been argued that it is not possible to monetarily assess climate change damage such as loss of ecosystems and large-scale population displacement, because of the difficulty in establishing the upper limit of the costs. Hence, for policy decision making, a single financial evaluation of the social cost of carbon should be avoided. The Government and Committee on Climate Change is also required to include the factor of sustainable development, because an exclusive emphasis on carbon reduction may result in adverse outcomes in other environmental areas such as biodiversity. For example, it is essential to consider certain substitutions and transactions between â€Å"the need to reduce carbon emissions, the impacts on local wildlife, and the financial costs of minimising such impacts† (Putnam, 2007, p.28), when planning key renewable energy projects such as wind farms and tidal barrages. A fairly recent and

Time :: essays research papers

Time? Time travel is no longer regarded as strictly science fiction. For years the concept of time travel has been the topic of science fiction novels and movies, and has been pondered by great scientists throughout history. Einstein’s theories of general and special relativity can be used to actually prove that time travel is possible. Government research experiments have yielded experimental data that conclusively illustrate that fast moving aircraft have traveled into the future. This phenomenon is due to the principal of time dilation, which states that bodies moving at high velocities experience a time that ticks slower than the time measured at zero velocity. Not as much time elapses for a moving body as does for everything else. Phenomena known as wormholes and closed time like curves are possible means of time travel into the future and the past. Traveling into the past is a task which is much more difficult than traveling into the future. This feat has not yet been accompli shed -to our knowledge- and its theory involves complicated scenarios of tears in four dimensional space-time, and traveling near the speed of light. Obstacles which prevent our hubris attempts to cheat time include our inability to move even close to the speed of light, and finding a source of energy as powerful as an exploding star. Simply because the proposal of time travel is backed by scientific theory, is no reason to expect that it is easily achievable. Numerous arguments are proposed that that prevent time travel into the past. Both common sense and scientific fact can be used to paint scenarios that become serious obstacles. Not to fear, we have all the time in the world to overcome these minor limitations. Imagine if you will, that you are one of the people sill alive today that was born prior to 1903, when the first airplane took flight. When you were young the idea of flying would probably have been quite exciting. Some scientists believe that we may presently be living through an identical scenario. The thing that would be so exciting however, would not be flight, but time travel. Leading scientists believe that our children will live to once again see the impossible become routine. Professor Michio Kaku of the University of New York believes that space flight may one day unlock the secret of time itself. This will require the development of spacecraft that can travel at speeds on the order of two hundred million meters per second, that’s about four hundred and fifty million miles per hour.

Comparing the Book of Job to Ecclesiastes Essay

The Old Testament is often viewed as a creaky, incomprehensible tome, full of history, violence and a wrathful, bombastic God. Often, it is used as a manual: This is what God wants, this is what would displease the Creator, and so on and so forth. There are two particular books of the Old Testament, Job and Ecclesiastes, stand out from the crowd. They ask and seek to address the fundamental questions of life and spirituality. Before diving into content and themes, it is important to acknowledge structural differences between the two books. Job is told from the third person and is a story with a clear sequence of events and plot. In fact, â€Å"it is likely that versions of Job were told by many peoples of the region.† (Seow, HB 726), and â€Å"That the final form is the product of a complex history of transmission†. It consists of a narrative, focused in the introduction and epilogue, with a series of dialogues between them. Ecclesiastes, on the other hand, is more akin to an essay, interspersed with poems, proverbs and songs to support his conclusions. This requires a much telling and little showing, but allows for more wisdom to be dispensed. In both books, the mysterious workings of the world, ostensibly controlled by God, cause consternation. Job’s livelihood is ruined, even though he was a decent man. As for Ecclesiastes:†I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.† (Ecclesiastes 9:11, King James Bible)Through much of Ecclesiastes, he laments the mysterious unfairness of existence and the apparent powerlessness of mankind. The first parts of the book are about accepting that this is just the way the world is. His conclusions are as follows: That life must be enjoyed when it can be, for they are few; that we are largely powerless over our own destinies, and that God is in an unfathomable and entirely separate, wonderful realm without mortality or time. Ecclesiastes also contended that the only true judg ment of worth was from God itself. Job’s plot makes for a slightly different conclusion. Job, bewildered, speaks  with his comforters, who offer that varied interpretations of the events that transpired, which Job argues against. God enters the scene and speaks, chastising Job, who had disputed God’s will. Additionally, Job’s friends, who had so far been speaking on behalf of the deity, were punished. The message that no mortal can comprehend the will of God, and that to do so is an offense to the Creator, is stronger than in Ecclesiastes. While Ecclesiastes warns against false piety and talking as if one knows when one does not, direct justice is applied to a specific case to cap off the book of Job. The final lessons are, for the most part, trite and oft repeated in scripture: That good deeds and worship are the only sure resolution. Both of these scriptures look at the fundamental senselessness of the way the world works and put God in charge of it; both acknowledge the relative powerlessness of the individual. Both also acknowledge that an individual cannot transcend our frustrating state of being without turning to God. Sources Cited: An explanation of sources:I am aware that sacred texts would normally count as â€Å"Popular† sources, but the Oxford Annotated is garnished with ample commentary from dozens of theologians; Footnotes and essays consume about half of the text. I am considering the King James Version a popular source, which is the only sacred text that does not require notation in the Sources Cited page (Raimes, 158). Raimes, Anne. Keys for Writers. Fourth. New York, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha (NRSV) Ed. Coogan, Michael. Oxford University Press. 2001.

European Countries Ranked by Area

The continent of  Europe varies in latitude from places such as Greece, which is in the range of about 35 degrees north to 39 degrees north latitude, to Iceland, which ranges from around 64 degrees north to more than 66 degrees north. Because of the difference in latitudes, Europe has varying climates and topography. Regardless, it has been inhabited for about 2 million years. It consists of only about 1/15th of the worlds land, but the contiguous continent has about 24,000 square miles (38,000 sq km) of coastline. Stats Europe is made up of 46  countries that  range in size from some of the largest in the world (Russia) to some of the smallest (Vatican City, Monaco). The population of Europe is about 742 million (United Nations 2017 Population Division figure), and for a landmass of about 3.9 million square miles (10.1 sq km), it has a density of 187.7 people per square mile. By Area, Largest to Smallest The following is a list of the countries of Europe arranged by area. Various sources may differ in size of a countrys area due to rounding, whether the original figure is in kilometers or miles, and whether the sources include overseas territories. Figures here come from the CIA World Factbook, which presents figures in square kilometers; they have been converted and rounded to the nearest number. Russia: 6,601,668 square miles (17,098,242 sq km)Turkey:  302,535 square miles (783,562 sq km)Ukraine:  233,032 square miles (603,550 sq km)France:  212,935 square miles (551,500 sq km);  248,457 square miles (643,501 square km) including overseas regionsSpain:  195,124 square miles (505,370 sq km)Sweden:  173,860 square miles (450,295 sq km)Germany:  137,847 square miles (357,022 sq km)Finland:  130,559 square miles (338,145 sq km)Norway: 125,021 square miles (323,802 sq km)Poland:  120,728 square miles (312,685 sq km)Italy:  116,305 square miles (301,340 sq km)United Kingdom:  94,058 square miles (243,610 sq km), includes Rockall and Shetland IslandsRomania: 92,043 square miles (238,391 sq km)Belarus: 80,155 square miles (207,600 sq km)Greece: 50,949 square miles (131,957 sq km)Bulgaria: 42,811 square miles (110,879 sq km)Iceland:  39,768 square miles (103,000 sq km)Hungary: 35,918 square miles (93,028 sq km)Portugal: 35,556 square miles (92,090 sq km)Austri a: 32,382 square miles (83,871 sq km)Czech Republic: 30,451 square miles (78,867 sq km)Serbia: 29,913 square miles (77,474 sq km)Ireland: 27,133 square miles (70,273 sq km)Lithuania: 25,212 square miles (65,300 sq km)Latvia: 24,937 square miles (64,589 sq km)Croatia:  21,851 square miles (56,594 sq km)Bosnia and Herzegovina: 19,767 square miles (51,197 sq km)Slovakia: 18,932 square miles (49,035 sq km)Estonia: 17,462 square miles (45,228 sq km)Denmark: 16,638 square miles (43,094 sq km)Netherlands:  16,040 square miles (41,543 sq km)Switzerland:  15,937 square miles (41,277 sq km)Moldova: 13,070 square miles (33,851 sq km)Belgium:  11,786 square miles (30,528 sq km)Albania: 11,099 square miles (28,748 sq km)Macedonia: 9,928 square miles (25,713 sq km)Slovenia: 7,827 square miles (20,273 sq km)Montenegro: 5,333 sq miles (13,812 sq km)Cyprus: 3,571 square miles (9,251 sq km)Luxembourg: 998 square miles (2,586 sq km)Andorra:  181 square miles (468 sq km)Malta:  122 square m iles (316 sq km)Liechtenstein: 62 square miles (160 sq km)San Marino:  23 square miles (61 sq km)Monaco:  0.77 square miles (2 sq km)Vatican City: 0.17 square miles (0.44 sq km)